uwb2

Positive psychology Have you ever felt unhappy, sad, depressed? I am sure that everyone has some ups and downs in their life. It is rare to feel fortunate all the time, but maybe we, Polish people have tendency to recognise mostly negative sides of our lives? Some people however think that happiness does not depend on our state of possession. They claim that the way we think and perceive the world makes us happy. This new branch of psychology is called “positive psychology”. The precursors of positive psychology are Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. They however took their interest in this field thanks to works of Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers and Erich Fromm. Quoting their words: "We believe that a psychology of positive human functioning will arise that achieves a scientific understanding and effective interventions to build thriving in individuals, families, and communities." Usually most branches of psychology are focused on mental illnesses or other dysfun

Women in politics Through centuries power and politics was a domain of men. It is because from a ruler required to be decisive and manage in the battles. Furthermore from biological point of view male are stronger so there are naturally those who protects and fights to maintain a society. Also power is very attractive and desire to hold it is a very strong feeling so men didn’t want to share it.  Women till first world war was mostly treated like a tool in men’s politics. For example to make an strong alliance with other country king marry off his daughter to the allied ruler. However women had also an significant influence on lords and some of them was head of state like Cleopatra in Egypt, Elizabeth I in England or Jadwiga in Poland.  In XX century situation rapidly changed. They had more access to education and society started to think that they also can be on high positions in government. Effect of this was enshrining by United Nations in 1954 that women's ha

How to prepare for an English certification exam Every student on full-time study or evening classes on UW must pass an English certification exam on minimum B2 level. Exam is probably stressful for everyone and you should prepare for it. If you want do that you must know what is the form of exam. English certification exam contains of 5 test: listening, reading, using of language (grammatical structures and vocabulary), writing and speaking. Listening test contains of two expressions. It can be social, popular science, current events topic. We listening each text two time and solve task. Exercises are: multiple-choice tasks: questions, statements, finding true, false or lack information moreover   is add to the table. We can obtain 15% of all points. Reading test contains of two text similar to listening and the topics are the same. Exercises are: multiple-choice tasks, fill the gaps in the text of the sentences given to the selection and set the